Biomedical Web, Collections and Meta-Analysis Literature Applications

Yes Interface language English URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Related document Yes Web 2.0 apps RSS, bookmarks, alerts, saved search results by e-mail. Document selection criteria Is based on the magazine Coverage: Articles mainly on basic biomedical research. Quality: validity, relevance, originality and contribution to the field coverage of content. Editorial quality, objectivity, credibility and quality of its contents, peer review, ethical quality, timely correction of errors. Production Quality: Design, printing, graphics and illustrations (but not pre-requisite) Audience: health professions: researchers, practitioners, educators, administrators and students. Content type: Reports of original research, original clinical observations accompanied by analysis and discussion, analysis of philosophical, ethical, social or health professions or biomedical sciences, critical commentaries, statistical compilations, descriptions of evaluation methods or procedures, case reports with discussions. Language: At least title and abstract in English. Geographic coverage: Generally not be selected for indexing if the contents are subjects already well represented in MEDLINE or published to a local audience. Records meta-analysis* No Tools My NCBI. Save searches, results, bibliography, and has an automatic update option. My NCBI preferences. Storage, highlight search terms, abstract screen, additional data. Furthermore, filtering of search results, view recent activity and the establishment of Link Out, document delivery service. Advantages Database more important, most used, most popular in biomedical information. Very short time to upgrade. It is complemented with other resources and information bases by the NCBI. Using multiple and varied fields of search. Disadvantages Few or no options for meta-analysis. Ambiguity in the identification of authors and documents. Table 3. Characteristics of PubMed database. *Meta-analysis details are explained below.

specialists (Faciola, 2009). The power of the new electronic technologies has increased exponential, we have designed a lot of applications that allow you to group, sort and display documents which have reduced power, cost and time required to analyze literature specialized (Hey & Trefethen, 2005). Not only that, in less than ten years has changed the practice of science, is no longer explores the reality only through experiments and models in vivo and / or in vitro but made in silico tools and computational methods (Atkins et al., 2003). This phenomenon has affected both the way we produce scientific knowledge that have developed new fields of knowledge practiced by specialists, such as bioinformatics, medical informatics, biological informatics, neuroinformatics, and literature-based discovery, among others. The change has been important even in the way recovered and analyzed the literature so much that you have proposed new ways to access the information to put aside the reductionist approach and adopt a system according to the progress of own biological discipline. The search, access, analysis and updating of the literature in databases has become a daily task. It is usually necessary to consult several indexes to have more complete representation of the literature on the topic of interest (Zhou et al., 2006). But such is the quantity and diversity of papers on biomedicine, there are so many, so different and complex electronic resources (especially bibliographic databases) through which you can access that information, not just that, but change, progress and constantly updated, it is difficult to keep track of them all and identify which and how many can and should use.

Biomedical web
The Biomedical Science is one of the most innovative and cutting-edge in science, excellence and is recognized today. The literature in this field is applied in several biomedical practice areas, ranging from the production of new biological knowledge to resource management, assessment, management and science policy (Labarga, 2009). For these reasons essential to include an innovative course in art, sort and classify all electronic resources for the recovery and analysis of specialized information effectively and efficiently, in a review of the types and characteristics of digital information, explaining definitions basic, to explore its importance and implications, are synthesized and explain the electronic resources online more relevant and practical, especially databases and specialized software, are presented source's compendiums from which information can be extracted and understanding (Rizkallah & Sin, 2010;Weeber et al., 2005;Henderson, 2005) like scientometrics studies (Cokol & Rodriguez-Esteban, 2008;Uthman, 2008;Li et al., 2009;Boyack, 2004). Also allow stakeholders to introduce the necessary tools to make reports to information and documents indexed journals, impact, collaboration and citation of own production commonly requested by the evaluation committees of National Foundations and councils. This chapter presents the application of an interdisciplinary and integrative approach to use biomedical literature to extract, analyze and manage specialized literature efficient, prompt, timely, comprehensive and organized. Contrary to common understanding now exist a lot of friendly electronic tools for non informatics specialist's that permit literature Biomedicine management, designed from informatics specialist's to all others. Previous knowledge it's not needed to use this web tools and services (Hull, et al., 2008;Renear, & Palmer, 2009). Most of them are open access resources. Some of their advantages are: 1. Explain in detail the cyberinfrastructure (resources, tools and services) available for the management of literature specializes in biomedicine, keeping with the needs and challenges of our time and explains the characteristics of each, Biomedicine. 2. Present the stages of document retrieval electronics and how to handle this is done in an efficient, effective and updated. 3. State the main bibliometric indicators are frequently used to evaluate literature. 4. Apply new techniques to analyze the references, the contents of scientific papers and large quantities of documents simultaneously, including network analysis and discovery based on the literature. In this chapter we will classify, systematize and describe the most useful web-based applications for innovative retrieval and processing of biomedical literature; all of them are friendly and can be used by any scholar or biomedical specialist. We will present all resources in three categories: 1) general web applications, 2) literature collections and 3) meta-analysis tools in logic retrieval and processing literature order (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. The resource's classification for retrieval biomedical information.

Web literature retrieval
Digital information retrieval from the Web, in a modern sense is a personalized, automatic, multitask, integrated and immediacy process (Larson, 2010b) the stages of document retrieval electronics and how to handle this is done in an efficient, effective and updated form with specific apps. The process consists of: search (browser, search engines and collections), bookmark (Bookmarks), manage (reference management) share and analyze (Meta-analysis apps). Every day a lot of innovative web apps appeared with Biomedical scholar interest like web pages, wikis, blogs and search engines (web 2.0 and web 3.0), social networks, feeds, reference management software and mobile resources, the most relevant for biomedicine.
www.intechopen.com The process for retrieve literature on the web begins with the web browser, the Merriam-Webster's dictionary (2011) defines a web browser as a computer program used for accessing sites or information on a network (as the World Wide Web). This is a simple, yet accurate description. Web browsers come in many different styles, each with their own nuances. However, the main reason a person utilizes a web browser is to view web pages on the Internet, similar to the way you are viewing this book right now. Today there are the two main open source web browsers with add-on options (something as an accessory or added feature that enhances the thing it is added to) that the search experience, Firefox from Mozilla (http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/) and Chrome from Google (http://www.google.com/Chrome) (Fig. 3), right now our favorite is the second one, because is easy and speed, but right now the first one has the most bigger gallery of complement options.
There are a lot of resources, tools and services available for the management of literature Biology specializes in keeping with the needs and challenges of our time, the most efficient could be installed in the browser for better and faster use. Fig. 3. Chrome personalized browser for biomedical literature retrieval.

Search engines and meta-searchers
There are thousands of search engines in the Internet, a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. They create a web pages database that use any algorithm to classify the web pages (wikis, blogs, sites, …), the most biggest and also the most used for general research are Google, Bing, Yahoo, Altavista, Lycos, and Ask. But there are some scholar biomedical search engines that filter and index specialized and certified web pages like Scirus, Scientific WebPlus, Orefil, Nextbio or Quertle (Table 1).

Biomedical collections
Computing tool of choice for systematizing the documents and metadata are the databases, a computerized bibliographic records stored in tables with an established order that allows you to save, sort, retrieve and generate information. We will divide the main biomedical literature collections in five kinds: 1) Libraries, 2) Information systems, 3) Index and catalogs, 4) Bookstores or editorials (press) and 5) Repositories. We classified a sample of each one. A digital library (e-Library) comprises digital collections, services and infrastructure to support lifelong learning, research, scholarly communication and preservation and conservation of our knowledge recorded and democratization, has a clear goal and are formed with a selection of content organized through a descriptive metadata (cataloging) and also associated with some facilities for search and use of services (Borgman, 1999), makes use of telecommunications and particularly the Internet to facilitate access to its contents remotely or locally through various connected systems that provide control and preservation of resources, while providing added services around the needs of users and information collected managed and preserved. If a Web application allows you to consult more than one library collection simultaneously, we have named the information system (Villanova-Oliver et al., 2003). We define all information collection systematized into a digital database with immediate access, designed with the intention of making them available for those interested in his consultation with academic and made available through the Web. We define also a library collections or literature as all those documents that record information about scientific research product is the result of a process of planning and balanced acquisition of library materials in various formats, mainly primary literature consists of books, magazines and conference proceedings, online resources, and other media, bibliographies, references, stored, structured and inter-linked for retrieval using a computer system. Press is the process of production and dissemination of literature or information, the activity of making information available for public view. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning: originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver and display the content. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books (the "book trade") and newspapers. With the advent of digital information systems and the Internet, the scope of publishing has expanded to include electronic resources, such as the electronic versions of books and periodicals, as well as micropublishing, websites, blogs and video games.
There is necessary for a better information retrieval to know the main characteristics of the datasets for search like temporal coverage, geographic coverage, topic coverage, size coverage and typological coverage. For better understand we present a key card with the dissection of PubMed the most used bibliographic biomedical database (Table 3).

CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION Name
PubMed

Advantages
Database more important, most used, most popular in biomedical information. Very short time to upgrade. It is complemented with other resources and information bases by the NCBI. Using multiple and varied fields of search.

Disadvantages
Few or no options for meta-analysis. Ambiguity in the identification of authors and documents. The Merriam Webster dictionary (2011) defines a repository as one that contains or stores something nonmaterial<considered the book a repository of knowledge>. Repositories of literature are understood as large files that store digital texts composed of a group of services designed to capture, store, manage, preserve and redistribute the documentation to a certain audience or a specific user community (Pappalardo and Fitzegerald, 2007). Emerged from the so-called e-print community, concerned to maximize the spread and impact of scientific works deposited in them (Melero, 2005). An e-print (e-paper) is the digital version of a research paper (usually a journal article, but could be a thesis, papers, book chapters, or book) is available online because it has been deposited in a digital repository (Swan and Brown, 2005), which comprises five components essential to its operation: interactivity, design, integration, aggregation and mobility. Digital versions of research papers called e-prints include both pre-prints (articles before they are evaluated by peers) and post-prints (version result of peer review). Repositories whose main function the storage of files and their creation is linked with the movement of information from open access (open access), a term that describes the online public access without restriction to scientific articles (Suber et al., 2010 ), has two forms: free www.intechopen.com and open. Repositories are dynamic tools, consisting of the infrastructure, programs, personal information and keeping it and consultation. They constantly recorded and scholars put their scientific production, as are the basic units of construction of the global scholarly communication, and therefore of scientific collaboration (Table 5).

Automatic meta-analysis apps
We will present in meta-analysis topic around five dozens of web applications that process thousands of bibliographic records simultaneously, automatic and instantaneous for patterns identification, visualization or better retrieval goals. Apply new techniques of analysis of the references and the contents of scientific papers to analyze large quantities of documents simultaneously, including bibliometrics, text mining, semantic or networks analysis (Table 6).

Bibliometrics
Bibliometrics involves the quantitative assessment of certain events in the literature and therefore scientific literatures, main bibliometric indicators (publication counts, impact factors and received citations, for example) are frequently used to retrieve and evaluate literature (Koskinen et al., 2008). In this way the bibliometric analysis is a good tool to assess the impact of an investigation in the context of others scientific investigations and it's possible compares the relative contributions of research groups or institutions, infer patterns and trends (Rosas et al., 2011).

Text mining
Text mining involves the processes of information retrieval, automated information extraction and data mining from electronically published sources. It is used to generate new knowledge interesting, plausible, and intelligible (Ananiadou et al., 2006). Linking two or more literature concepts that have so far not been linked (i.e., disjoint) through the use of software and algorithms designed for this purpose (Rodriguez-Esteban, 2009).
To perform text mining, it must be structured (pre-processing) to analyze texts or discovering interesting patterns that generate new knowledge (Krallinger et al., 2008). Depending on the methods used in the preprocessing is the type of representation of the contents of the texts constructed, and according to this representation, is the kind of patterns discovered (Harmston et al., 2010).

Semantic
Based on the ontologies, that formulate a conceptual scheme (a map of concepts and their relationships) in a given domain, the semantic expresses the meaning of data, the properties of objects and the complex relationships between them by a series of formal rules (Robu et al., 2006).

Networks analysis
Networks are open structures that can expand without limit of integration of new nodes based on the communication possibilities that exist in your environment and share communications code compatible. It is done through the study of theories of structural behavior, the dynamics, and influence within the biomedical issues, to establish a likely explanation for the growth and evolution of real networks in any advanced biomedical subject. Right now exist dozens of scholar free web programs that process literature with one or more bibliographic meta-analysis methods. Most of those resources are based on PubMed literature because it is open access records, normalized and robustness information. For this chapter we choose some of them for details, a list with most of them is in Append.

Bibliometric analysis
HubMed HubMed (http://www.hubmed.org/) retrieval information from the PubMed´s database and produces one interface focused basically on browsing, organizing and gathering information from the biomedical literature. Shows the results arranged by relevance, you can perform grouping and graphic representation of related articles, can export metadata in different formats for further analysis.

Twease
Twease is a web-based tool to search in the abstracts for Medline. Index the words of Medline and provides features to expand a query and thereby find what you are looking for. Finally, Twease can automatically discover common abbreviations for search phrases.

Text-mining
PubReMiner PubReMiner (http://bioinfo.amc.uva.nl/human-genetics/pubreminer/) process the results of a query based in PubMed´s database and display its results in frequency tables, get all abstracts and generate metric statistics that include journals, authors and most productive countries, analyze your query words in the title, abstract, keywords and name of substances, allows extract metadata for further metric analysis.

LitMiner
Application that is known for scoring the key terms in the abstracts of articles and predict the relationships between key terms from biomedical literature into four categories: genes, chemicals, diseases and organs. Also performs statistical analysis of co-citation of annotated key terms to infer relationships (http://andromeda.gsf.de/litminer).

Go PubMed
Search PubMed for biomedical research articles (http://www.gopubmed.org /web/gopubmed/1?WEB10O00h00100090000). Your keywords are submitted to PubMed and the resulting abstracts are classified using Gene Ontology and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
MeSH is a hierarchical vocabulary covering biomedical and health-related topics. GeneOntology is a hierarchical vocabulary for molecular biology covering cellular components, biological processes and molecular functions.
PIKB: Pathways and Interaction Knowledge Base PIKB (http://linkedlifedata.com/) allows you to execute arbitrary queries in the semantic network. For example: "Select pathways controlled by the expression of genes located in a specific chromosome". You can also use sets of declarative rules to customize the criteria for identifying redundant information. For example: "All molecular interactions composed by a related Uniprot accession number, a Uniprot cross-reference identifier or an Entrez-Gene identifier and coming from different data sources are equivalent".

Networks analysis
Ali Baba PubMed Shows the connection of separate record of terms such as cells, drugs, tissues, diseases, reactions, enzymes and compounds of the KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes), nutrients, proteins and genes, UniProt and NCBI Taxonomy species. Once the sample has identified links of the articles found as protein-protein interactions, localization of proteins, nutrients and genes (http://alibaba.informatik.hu-berlin.de/).

PubGene
Find the proteins and genes related documents. It shows the quantity of items for each node and its relationships (http://www.pubgene.org/tools/Network/Subset.cgi).

Conclusion
The use of web apps investigated in this work makes it possible to extract, analyze and manage an automated literature, efficient, prompt, timely, comprehensive and organized to facilitate handling of large amounts of documentary records simultaneously, choose from the vast amount of the most relevant information available, handle the selected records and learn the ways of analysis of latest digital literature, from which it can and must extract information according to the needs and challenges of our time. Because the constantly actualization and the release of new and innovative internet tools, we have a blog with news about Biomedical Web, Collections and Meta-Analysis Literature Applications: http://biiiogeek.blogspot.com/

Acknowledgements
Roberto Calderón for retrieval information and discussions, Claudia Itzel Pedraza for some data about retrieval information, Jack Guillén, Teresita Amezcua and Francisco Castillo for revisions and corrections to the text. Founds DGAPA, UNAM Project PAPIME PE 201509 and CONACYT 13276.